clemmensen reduction of acetophenone

Published by on November 13, 2020

2018;  (a) Illustrate the following name reactions giving suitable example in each case : (i) Clemmensen reduction (ii) Hell-Volhard-Zelinsky reaction Find more information about Crossref citation counts. This being said, however, the Wolff-Kishner reduction of 11-ketosteroids under Huang-Minlon conditions did not give the methylene compound, but the 11-hydroxysteroid. The low yield of the last two products, attributed to reaction of the additional carbonyl group with hydrazine, limits this method, despite its favourable comparison to the Arbuzov reaction in many cases. The first step in the Wolff-Kishner reduction is the conversion of a ketone with hydrazine into the corresponding hydrazone. The chemistry of these compounds is conventional but oxidation to furancarboxylic acids cannot usually be carried out due to the lability of the ring. 71-72. Aliphatic ketones are normally reduced to the corresponding alcohol by catalytic hydrogenation but it has been reported that, under strongly acidic conditions and platinum(IV) oxide catalysis, conversion to the alkane (without the intermediacy of the alcohol) can occur <67TL2329>. Representative examples of the Wolff-Kishner reduction of aromatic aldehydes and aryl alkyl ketones with this reagent are collected in Scheme 7.37. Where the amino function is associated with a ring system, Clemmensen reduction of α-aminoketones gives rise to three types of product: The normal Clemmensen product is found for only a very few examples where the carbon-nitrogen bond is held rigidly in the plane of the carbonyl function.25. Although this organoaluminum route to methylene derivatives does involve strongly reducing conditions, which may be intolerant of certain functional groups (NO2, CN, SO2R, etc. The dibenzazepines are also readily converted into acridines or phenanthridines. The use of triethyl silane in combination with trifluoroacetic acid provides efficient reductions of electron-rich aryl ketones <1995JMC4411, 2000BCJ747> (Equation (52)). Thus, on using excess hydrogen chloride the reaction proceeds exhaustively to give 1,1-diphenylcyclohexane, while a dimeric product is obtained with only 3 equiv. When 2-chloromethyl-3,4-diphenylfuran is treated with aqueous cyanide, 5-methyl-3,4-diphenylfuran-2-(5H)-one is obtained 〈79JHC1293〉. The haloalkyl compounds are extremely sensitive to resinification but if adequate precautions are taken they are tractable. In contrast, the Clemmensen reduction of chromanones invariably yields chromans; there are many examples 〈65JCS3882, 71JMC758〉. Andrew Ng Kay Lup, Faisal Abnisa, Wan Mohd Ashri Wan Daud, Mohamed Kheireddine Aroua. You may have already requested this item. Reaction of a ketone or aldehyde with 1,3-propanedithiol, in the presence of a Lewis acid, yields the corresponding dithiane (see 403; Section 5.3.3.2). the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. The Wolff-Kishner reduction of carone (128), carried out by Kizhner (18) as one of his first published examples of his reaction, provides a test of this free radical hypothesis. The processes were termed abnormal Clemmensen reactions. Scheme 5.2. When treated with zinc powder in acetic anhydride saturated with hydrogen chloride, cholest-1-en-3-one (6; Scheme 5) is converted to a mixture of cholestane (7; 30–32%), 3-acetoxycholest-2-ene (8; 10–24%) and cholestan-3-one (9; 30–40%).12, The reaction may include a cyclopropanol intermediate derived from an anion radical, as seen in the reduction of cyclohexenones under Clemmensen conditions to afford ring-contracted cyclopentanones along with cyclohexanone derivatives.10 Thus the diastereomeric cyclopropanol acetates (12) and (13) can be obtained in different ratios from both (10) and (11) (12/13 = 3 from 10, 12/13 > 100 from 11; Scheme 6).18, A typical dimerization reaction in a conjugated system has been found on reduction of the octalone (14) with zinc amalgam in concentrated hydrochloric acid under reflux, which gave a geometrical mixture of the dehydro dimers (30–40%) along with octalin (15; equation 9).19, Reduction of 4,4-diphenylcyclohex-2-en-1-one with zinc dust in hydrogen chloride in aprotic solvents affords different reduction products, depending on the acid concentration. This was followed by a Shapiro reaction to give the alkenyllithium, which was trapped with paraformaldehyde to give the natural product. Clemmensen Reduction [Online] Available: http://www.name-reaction.com/clemmensen-reduction. Scheme 3.8. The formation of the sulfonylhydrazones 1124 was straightforward; three different hydrazones with differing steric demands were prepared. Another cyclic semicarbazone, which has been reduced to the corresponding alkane, is displayed in Equation (58) <1959CB916>. The original reaction conditions have almost entirely been replaced by the Huang–Minlon modification <1946JA2487> in which the reaction is carried out in diethylene glycol at reflux. http:\/\/www.worldcat.org\/oclc\/41980117>. Cite this paper: Francisco Sánchez-Viesca, Martha Berros, Reina Gómez, A Complete and Sustained Clemmensen Reduction Mechanism, American Journal of Chemistry, Vol. Copyright © 2018 Scientific & Academic Publishing Co. All rights reserved. Risinger, G. E. and Thompson, J. E. E. Royals, Advanced Organic Chemistry, Englewood Cliffs, N. J., USA: Prentice Hall, 1961, pp. 2,5-Bis(chloromethyl)furan gives a mixture of the normal product and 2-chloromethyl-5-methylene-2,5-dihydrofuran-2-carbonitrile on treatment with cyanide. Separate up to five addresses with commas (,). Evidence for the formation of an intermediate carbonium ion, J. Staschewski, D., 1959, Der mechanismus der Clemmensen Reduktion, Angew. We use cookies to help provide and enhance our service and tailor content and ads. Organometallic Compounds, Schrock Alkylidene Complexes. From: Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology, 2015, J.W. The zinc dissolves during the course of the reaction, so this reaction is an example of a dissolving metal reduction.

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