importance of microbiology in medicine

Published by on November 13, 2020

An example of microbiology’s usage in the food industry is nisin; it is an antibacterial agent used in cheese, meats and beverages to extend shelf life by suppressing the growth of harmful bacteria. Though all the microorganisms are not good for our body, there are also microbes which help in enhancing our immunity system. Medical microbiology, the large subset of microbiology that is applied to medicine, is a branch of medical science concerned with the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of infectious diseases. Microbiological culture is the primary method used for isolating infectious disease for study in the laboratory. Microbiology … Antibiotics like Streptomycin, insulin, growth hormone, etc., are also manufactured with the help of different kinds of bacteria. In addition, this field of science studies various clinical applications of microbes for the improvement of health. Moreover, these organisms prevent the entry of other harmful microorganisms into our body. These machines perform multiple biochemical tests simultaneously, using cards with several wells containing different dehydrated chemicals. More complex serological techniques are known as immunoassays. For example, some diseases such as measles employ a strategy whereby it must spread to a series of hosts. Medical devices. Importance of Microbiology in Everyday Life. Ehrlich then found that arsphenamine was found effective against syphilis spirochetes. There are four kinds of microorganisms that cause infectious disease: bacteria, fungi, parasites and viruses, and one type of infectious protein called prion. Once an infection has been diagnosed and identified, suitable treatment options must be assessed by the physician and consulting medical microbiologists. Answer. Diagnosis of infectious disease is nearly always initiated by consulting the patient's medical history and conducting a physical examination. This binding then sets off a chain of events that can be easily and definitively observed, depending on the test. The tests are based upon the ability of an antibody to bind specifically to an antigen. DNA sequencing, a method developed by Walter Gilbert and Frederick Sanger in 1977,[6] caused a rapid change the development of vaccines, medical treatments and diagnostic methods. Economic development happens only in places with a healthy population. Most DNA viruses assemble in the nucleus while most RNA viruses develop solely in cytoplasm. Thus, microbiology is a very important field which helps in the various sectors of the economy. The 3 main types of media used for testing are:[27], Culture techniques will often use a microscopic examination to help in the identification of the microbe. Microbiology is the only science which can help you to eradicate the terminal diseases from the environment and maintain the quality of our lives. 2. Significance. Importance of Microbiology to Medicine? However, microbes could adapt and mutate rapidly, which results to opportunistic infectious diseases, such as HIV. In these forms of viral infection, the illness is often treated by the body's own immune response, and therefore the virus is required to disperse to new hosts before it is destroyed by immunological resistance or host death. Without the help of microbiology, the doctorswould not have had any idea on what type of medicine has to be given to combat the infections in a patient. Acids, alcohols and gases are usually detected in these tests when bacteria are grown in selective liquid or solid media, as mentioned above. Prescott LM, Harley JP, Klein DA (2005) Microbiology: McGraw-Hill Higher Education. "The Clinical Microbiology Laboratory Director in the United States Hospital Setting", 10.1890/0012-9623(2006)87[47:AHOTES]2.0.CO;2, "Prevalence of streptococcal pharyngitis and streptococcal carriage in children: a meta-analysis", "Years lived with disability (YLDs) for 1160 sequelae of 289 diseases and injuries 1990–2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010", "Prevalence of HPV infection among females in the United States", "Strategies and mechanisms for host and pathogen survival in acute and persistent viral infections", "Discovery of drugs that possess activity against feline leukemia virus", "Safe inoculation of blood and bone marrow for liquid culture detection of mycobacteria", "Antimicrobial resistance: global report on surveillance 2014", Reproductive endocrinology and infertility, Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Medical_microbiology&oldid=986898391, Short description is different from Wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Direct contact - Touching an infected host, including, Indirect contact - Touching a contaminated surface, Airborne transmission - Pathogen carrying, Environmental - Hospital-acquired infection (, Solid culture: A solid surface is created using a mixture of nutrients, salts and, Liquid culture: Cells are grown inside a liquid media. Domagk received the Nobel Prize in physiology, or medicine, for the discovery of the sulfa drug. You can also say that finding a sector in which microbiology is not made use of is very difficult in the current scenario. Microbes play a very important role in all the cellular functions of our body. e (1995) Whole-genome random sequencing and assembly of Haemophilus influenzae Rd". Bacterial infections are treated with antibacterials (often called antibiotics) whereas fungal and viral infections are treated with antifungals and antivirals respectively. On the contrary, microbes can also help us in ways like the way the "good bacteria" lactobacillus functions in our digestive system. Replication between viruses is greatly varied and depends on the type of genes involved in them. Vickery K, Hu H, Jacombs AS, Bradshaw DA, Deva AK (2013) A review of bacterial biofilms and their role in device-associated infection. The various tests like Elisa, electrophoresis, and radioimmune assay, etc., all use the principles of microbiology to identify the type of disease. Required fields are marked *. Importance of Microbiology in Medical Science. [21], There are various ways in which disease can be transmitted between individuals. (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); Your email address will not be published. Microbiology plays a significant role in medical devices, such as fluorescent fusion, which are used for fast and precise detection of pathogens in tissue samples. Check out all the jobs and post your resume. In 1939 Gerhard Domagk found Prontosil red protected mice from pathogenic streptococci and staphylococci without toxicity. The sterilization of the surgical knives and needles are also done to eliminate the presence of microbes from them. There are four kinds of microorganisms that cause infectious disease: bacteria, fungi, parasites and viruses, and one type of infectious protein called prion. 2010-06-20 02:06:58 2010-06-20 02:06:58. Some infections can be dealt with by the body's own immune system, but more serious infections are treated with antimicrobial drugs. Another important role in pharmaceuticals is the use of microbes for the medically important studies, such as Bacteriorhodopsin (figure 2 - adapted from Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry 5th edition), a protein from the plasma membrane of Halobacterium salinarum.

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