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Published by on November 13, 2020

The search for truth is a dubious enterprise, it seems, both because it isn't clear that it's a good idea for us to try and live with it, and because the very notion of finding truth is in itself suspect. Gans writes: “Nietzsche replaces the Marxian triumph of historical reason with the triumph of the individual will over the imprisoning force of falsely universal truth. "Christian Emden has produced an intelligent and fascinating work. 2017-05-08T12:44:56-07:00 For Nietzsche, the reciprocation between Dionysian musical sonority and the imagistic nature of Apollonian words makes new linguistic creations possible. (p35) What makes one regard ph… He declares that, as a consequence of the human only ever being able to evaluate the relation between itself and the eternal world, the “X” thing-in-itself remains forever hidden from our purview. He writes: “we must regard the duality in the essence of language which is prefigured by nature as the original model of that combination of music and poetry.”[8] For Nietzsche, music and language are inseparable, as they always include the “tone of the speaker” and the “gestural symbolism of the speaker.”[9] Nietzsche associates the origin of music with the origin of language, where there exists “vocal music” and “the combination of sound with image and concept.”[10] To sum up The Birth of Tragedy, music (the Dionysian) prevents metaphor from being reduced to a fixed or determined meaning, while metaphor (the Apollonian) allows music to reveal itself through imagistic Apollonian representation. To think of language as some retroactive regulator of the instincts in the service of social utility, which relegates the ethical to an artifice of the aesthetic impulse to represent the external world, is a dangerous way of thinking about the human that, in one form or another, continues today. 6 0 obj [29] Gans, E. The Scenic Imagination. Displaying a comprehensive knowledge of many little-known sources, particularly in rhetoric, Emden does an excellent job in detailing Nietzsche's reading on these topics, and showing how the views in these sources are related to Nietzsche's own thinking. Instead, our system considers things like how recent a review is and if the reviewer bought the item on Amazon. New York. The imitation of an external object is incorporated into the body first as a nerve-stimulus, then down the causal chain from word to sound. Although there are some very obvious—and not so obvious—topical proximities between generative anthropology and Nietzsche’s model of language, there is a divergence in thinking about consciousness, truth, and the ethical in relation to language. [5] Nietzsche, F. On Truth and Lie in an Extra-moral Sense. Found at http://oregonstate.edu/instruct/phl201/modules/Philosophers/Nietzsche/Truth_and_Lie_in_an_Extra-Moral_Sense.htm. Nietzsche and the philosopy of language have been a well trafficked crossroads for a generation, but almost always as a checkpoint for post-modernism and its critics. We arrive at the present with an endless combination of these metaphors, but have forgotten their origins as having little significance in seeking out “meaning” or “truth.” What is ultimately important in this text, in relation to GA, is Nietzsche’s emphasis on language as lacking truth. The aim of this paper is to demonstrate that Nietzsche’s early conclusions about the origin and function of language greatly influence his later thinking—for which he is most famous—about consciousness, truth, and the ethical. Yet, if one is to think about generative anthropology while reading Nietzsche, one cannot help but notice his profound understanding that language is the essential characteristic of the human, regardless of whether it has been developed from an “instinct” or proto-artistic impulse. Even a brief literature survey of the major interpretations of Nietzsche’s thought highlights the tremendous variation that exists between them. Western Sydney University Bring your club to Amazon Book Clubs, start a new book club and invite your friends to join, or find a club that’s right for you for free. Nietzsche on Language, Consciousness, and the Body (International Nietzsche Studies), University of Illinois Press; First Edition (June 14, 2005). <> Throughout his active career, Nietzsche maintains that metaphor has no truth-value or truth relation to the phenomenal world. 5 0 obj Here we arrive at metaphor. Nietzsche is conscious of this when he later attempts to ‘naturalise man.’ Nevertheless, Nietzsche’s theory of language assumes what he detests the most: a rigid dichotomy of commanding and obeying between both the drives and individual humans. Edited by Kaufmann, W. and Hollingdale, R. J. Vintage Books. If, indeed, each individual responds to a particular external stimulus via an imagistic symbol, then we must characterise each individual response as closed off from another’s individual response to the exact same stimulus. endobj There's a problem loading this menu right now. University of Chicago Press. Our payment security system encrypts your information during transmission. Translated by Walter Kaufmann. To calculate the overall star rating and percentage breakdown by star, we don’t use a simple average. In the face of GA’s originary sign, we must declare that Nietzsche has come quite close to a plausible hypothesis on the origin of language. Nietzsche introduces On Truth and Lie with an allegorical fable on the invention of knowledge. Yet what is ostensive truth? If only Nietzsche had taken a step further to consider the fundamental importance of the primacy and function of the sign itself, as Gans has pointed out, we may not have found ourselves in such a characteristically postmodern age, suspicious of not only our “own” representations, but others as well. Perhaps it is right to think that Nietzsche valorizes a quasi-Darwinian, historical-evolutionary perspective concerning the origin of language, where truth and consciousness develop from a “convention” made possible only by language. Simply put, this text challenges the certitude of human knowledge through a natural-cultural theory of both the origin and development of metaphor and conceptual language. It would be useful to remember Nietzsche’s position that the representation of a nerve-stimulant is an instinctive, superfluous, over-reaching “artistic drive.” One observation is that this “artistic drive” corresponds to Gans’s notion of the desire expressed by the imperative, making the absent referent present in the imagination. Obviously, it must be explained through a “model of the familial declarative conception.”[21] Here Gans offers the analogy of a child pointing to a cat, but the child declares the cat as “dog.” The use of the ostensive in this example “cannot be understood as simply equivalent to the use of the correct sign.”[22] What is vitally important for the ostensive truth of the sign, according to Gans, is the “significance prior to signification; the question of whether it is appropriate to use a sign at all [pointing to the cat] outweighs that of the appropriate sign to use [using the incorrect ostensive “dog”].”[23] In other words, we cannot conceive of the originary, ostensive sign as having a correlation to an assigned meaning.

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