causes of political violence in africa

causes of political violence in africa on May 29, 2021

Elections and violence in Sierra Leone | Democracy in Africa Modern war is not an expression of innate aggression but an economic and social construction. The following is an additional essay written for my African Politics course. Research on the causes of violence against women has consisted of two lines of inquiry: examination of the characteristics that influence the behavior of offenders and consideration of whether some women have a heightened vulnerability to victimization. Gender-based violence (GBV) is a profound and widespread problem in South Africa, impacting on almost every aspect of life. This book is divided into seven chapters starting with an introduction to oil and political violence in African conflicts, and includes a synoptic overview of four other resource-rich countries in Africa. The Underlying Causes of Stability and Unrest in the ... 1-1 It is an attempt to settle, by violence, disputes over political power, territorial and ethnic issues, and societal stresses such as injustice and poverty. The failure of political systems is the main cause of conflict and displacement but climate change can exacerbate this. Today, these twin factors constitute a major cause of violent conflicts and civil strife in West Africa. These two volumes, and the Annex presenting the risk model, look beyond the immediate political and security issues that shape the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region and look at broader range of forces that are shaping both its instability and violence in the region, and the fact that the majority of MENA nations have remained . Five Major African Wars and Conflicts of the Twentieth ... The impunity that the perpetrators of the political violence enjoy and continue to enjoy in Zambia is at odds with the international commitments voluntarily assumed by Zambia when it ratified both the Covenant on Civil and Political and the African Charter on Human and People's Rights. Many of today's challenges are the outcome of colonial political and economic . It is based on this backdrop that the paper seeks to examine the causes of such conflicts, challenges and possible prospects. Inadequate voter education: The electoral umpire has a major task to carry out educating the voters on the dos and don'ts before, during and after elections. Using descriptive analysis, we investigated the root cause of political violence in the UMzimkhulu area. Journal on Science and World Affairs, 2(2), 59-69. Adeleye Oyeniyi - TRANSCEND Media Service. Conflict and Violence in Africa: Causes, Sources and Types What drives instability in Africa and what can be done ... Retrieved from NSUWorks, College of Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences - Department of Conflict Resolution Studies. Political Violence In South Africa. This time, I offer my thoughts on political violence in Africa - both its causes, and its mitigators. Explaining electoral violence in Africa's 'new ... been lost and violence has cost African countries billions as a result of wanton destruction and foregone economic gains, in spite of numerous attempts to foster sustainable peace O. ver time the , nature and causes of violent conflict have changed as political, economic, social and environmental circumstances evolved. Between December 28, 2007 and February 28, 2008, Kenya experienced one of the most fatal post-election violence in Africa after incumbent Mwai Kibaki was declared winner of the December 27, 2007 presidential election. The most horrific display of violence occurred from April to July of 1994, between two of Rwanda's ethnic groups: the Tutsi and the Hutu. Douma, P. (2006). Humans have always been prone to violence ever since their debut on the planet. The causes of violent conflicts were the rise of criminal groups and criminal activities with an index of 2.93 on a scale of 5. From the Nigerian Civil War to the Somali Civil War, these 20th Century conflicts submitted civilians to intense physical and psychological trauma that negatively POST-ELECTION VIOLENCE IN AFRICA : A Comparative case of ... Revised version of a paper on Electoral reform, political succession and democratisation in Africa, presented at the 27 th Annual Conference of the Nigerian Political Science Association (NPSA), held at Benue State University, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria, 16-19 November 2008. Ethnicity as the cause of political instability in South ... PDF Ethnicity: A Cause of Political Instability in Africa? Poverty, Relative Deprivation and Political Exclusion as Drivers of Violent Conflict in Sub Saharan Africa. This ranges from the conflicts that characterised Africa's security narrative in the early 1990s, mass killings in the Great Lakes region . 18 - Violence in Africa. The most significant risk factors include social Youth of Africa: Unemployment, social cohesion and political instability. FEATURED RESEARCH PAPER, 21 Aug 2017 . Human violence is as old as humanity itself. Conflict and Violence in Africa: Causes, Sources and Types. Political Violence and Oil in Africa The book argues that in order to better understand the undercurrents of the Niger Delta conflict, it is imperative to analyse the dynamics of choice in terms of the distinct courses of action taken by the Ogoni and Ijaw. in contemporary Africa that cannot trace its sordid violence to colonial history and even the late nineteenth century. Political Violence, Terrorism and U.S. Foreign Policy in the Horn of Africa: Causes, Effects, Prospects Alem Hailu Long before violence and terrorism became a global household concern, The Horn of Africa had been a major theater in which deadly conflicts framed along the ideologies of Looking at myriad conflicts in countries such as Liberia, D.R. The electoral process in many of Africa's 'new' democracies has been characterised by violence. Election related violence has socio-cultural, political and On Sources of Political Violence in Africa: The Case of "Marginalizing State" in Sudan. It is vital to address the roots of conflict. This introduction will explore what GBV is and some of the forms it takes . The African country of Rwanda has a long history of ethnic conflict. The . POLITICAL violence results from political conflict. In any society the most familiar type of violence is war. The seminar explored public violence, reflecting on how this phenomenon is understood, what the underlying causes are, and what it means for policing in South Africa. Open-source conflict data is increasingly used to supplement reporting and analysis of trends in instability in Africa. KwaZulu-Natal had been an epicentre of political violence during the 1980s, and this fighting was intensified during these . receive adequate compensation. Mass unemployment and poverty can easily trigger political instability in any country. The number of African When the historical roots are examined, it is clear that much of Africa's current predicaments of poverty, corruption, and violent conflicts are not solely the result of African decisions, but are also the consequence of foreign intrusion into African affairs. The deepest causes of the conflict; economic despair, social injustice, and political oppression. The historian would probably use the Congo to argue that natural resources, not ethnicity, have the greatest effect on political violence in sub-Saharan Africa. Changing Patterns of Political Violence in Sub-Saharan Africa," African Affairs 111, no. Anti government turbulence has also increased in recent years. 'For instance', to quote Niels Kastfelt (2005:2), 'the region from the southern Sudan through northern Uganda to Rwanda, Burundi, and Congo - now the scene of brutal civil 1 Introduction The Causes & Costs of War in Africa While political terrorism is still quite rare in the United States, there's no question that these seemingly isolated acts are part of a larger pattern. For Africa to develop with these potential resources, the paradox transpires within the continent, which involves political instability, underdevelopment and backwardness. 5 1 CURENTAFC IRCS56EN CTUCl5ecC5tIiC5No5ncITI Introduction This background paper is an introductory overview of the causes and experi-ences of election-related violence in relation to patronage politics in Ghana. It is a coercive and deliberate strategy used by po-litical actors - incumbents as well as opposition parties - About 1500 persons died with 600,000 . Given the similar structural constraints, the author considers why the Ogoni adopted nonviolent resistance, and the Ijaw violent resistance. These conflicts cause not only casualties and refugees but contribute vastly to the spread of disease, malnutrition and starvation, social and economic decline and moral deterioration. Thirdly, the paper identifies a variety of causes of political violence in Kenya. Author contact: aeylonen@hotmail.com. There have been signs that the era of nation-states is fast fading but nowhere is this clearer than in Africa. Nova Southeastern University. Social conflict and political violence in Africa is a complex subject, and it will be useful to note a few trends in African civil violence, discuss a common (but misleading) explanations for civil wars in Africa, and then suggest two alternative framing for the patterns observed. Abstract. A report by the South African human rights commission claims that the causes of gender based violence resulting in the killing of women include unequal power in gender relations, patriarchy, sexism, homophobia and harmful and discriminatory practices.15 The lack of respect for women's right to life encouraged by impunity, high levels of crime . But it is significantly less deadly than in previous decades, according to a number of conflict data sources. Violence is psychological. Conflicts in Nigeria, Guinea-Bissau, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Côte . Causes of Electoral Violence in Africa Written by Ngah Gabriel sous dir. Generally this . Rather, several risk factors come together in different ways, depending on context, to enable violence. Africa: A Mixed-Methods Case Study of Causes of Political Violence in Burundi Foday Darboe fodaydod@hotmail.com This document is a product of extensive research conducted at the Nova Southeastern UniversityCollege of Arts, Humanities, and Social Sciences. Legit.ng lists 10 causes of political violence in Nigeria. Economic discomfort can bail out into conflict. Amid poverty, African ruling classes or the elite group who happen to hold power at a particular time, have enriched themselves and become the targets of envy or rivalry by other elite groups. Even the fact that Africa is so often referred to in a . Generally, the history of electoral politics in Africa has not been encouraging. It is the causative because it feeds the political crises that manifest regularly. Studies of FBI data show that hate crimes—violence against . On the African continent, political and ethnic tensions have led to armed conflicts; many of these conflicts have made their way into schools and classrooms. A vital part of understanding a social problem, and a precursor to preventing it, is an understanding of what causes it. Main opposition leader Hakainde Hichilema accused the incumbent of vote tempering. The motivation Political dynamics and . Th irdly, the paper identifi es a variety of causes of political violence in Kenya. But from an historical perspective, political independence in Africa was achieved through violence in response to colonialism and imperialism. The Rwandan Genocide, as it came to be known, was one of the bloodiest ethnic conflicts in history. Armed conflicts in Africa during the twentieth century caused an enormous loss of human life, the collapse of socio-economic systems, and the degradation of health and education services across the continent. However, this enterprise have come along with its own effects (positive and negative) including Election related Violence. Given the similar structural constraints, the author considers why the Ogoni adopted . It is a truism that these two are mother and baby: with political violence being the umbrella under which electoral violence shields itself. While it may not seem relevant to Invictus Institute, it is important to note that we operate in . Political Violence, Terrorism and U.S. Foreign Policy in the Horn of Africa: Causes, Effects, Prospects Alem Hailu Long before violence and terrorism became a global household concern, The Horn of Africa had been a major theater in which deadly conflicts framed along the ideologies of When colonialism came to an end in Africa throughout the mid-1900s, the Western colonial powers left a gaping hole in the political fabric of the newly- independent African states. Abstract Africa remains a political exception in many ways: It is still viewed by many political observers and political leaders in other parts of the world as essentially if never explicitly referred to as such inhabited by savages. of political violence is provided for. The decolonization of Africa took place in the mid-to-late 1950s to 1975 during the Cold War, with radical regime changes on the continent as colonial governments made the transition to independent states.The process was often marred with violence, political turmoil, widespread unrest, and organised revolts in both northern and sub-Saharan countries including the Algerian War in French Algeria . For example, In a comprehensive analysis of the case of the UMzimkhulu area, we argued that to explain the causes of political violence, it was necessary to look into the type of people that are living in the area and their ethnic origin. The 2018 Global Peace Index listed South Africa as one of the most violent and dangerous places on earth, and getting worse.. South Africa has a long history of violence. When majority of the people in a country are impoverished and cannot find jobs to do, then they vent their anger on the government . Economic and Political Causes of Civil Wars in Africa: Some Econometric Results by John C. Anyanwu* I. violence occurring, with some years much more violent than others. The impact of violence on society due to political and ethnic rivalry is a well-known phenomenon. Revised version of a paper on Electoral reform, political succession and democratisation in Africa, presented at the 27 th Annual Conference of the Nigerian Political Science Association (NPSA), held at Benue State University, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria, 16-19 November 2008. GBV (which disproportionately affects women and girls) is systemic, and deeply entrenched in institutions, cultures and traditions in South Africa. Dr. Kiven J. Kewir multi-party politics and elections created. But the looting and protests are indicative of the failure of political leadership and an . By reference to public data on political violence for the period 1998 to 2018, Zimbabwe is compared with four of its neighbours in SADC that share a common history of armed struggle; Angola, Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa, and Zimbabwe. 2. Abstract. South Africa is therefore experiencing a serious economic, political and compounded public health crisis. The country was taking its final steps towards war. On the eve of the November 2012 presidential, parliamentary and local council elections, Sierra Leone is often depicted as a country unrecognisable from a quarter of a century ago. 8046 Words32 Pages. Since the civil war officially ended in 2002, consecutive national elections have been won by different parties. African Conflicts and Violence. Introduction The aim of this research task is to assess the extent to which a 'third force' was responsible for the political violence in KwaZulu-Natal (KZN) between 1990 and 1994. On Sources of Political Violence in Africa: The Case of 'Marginalizing State' in Sudan Política y Cultura, otoño 2009, núm. Against a backdrop of rising political and social polarization, the Anti-Defamation League has reported a 57 percent increase in anti-Semitic incidents since the 2016 election. Causes of political conflict and possible panacea, and solutions. In South Africa in particular, political and ethnic strife, originally fuelled by the . The first speaker was Dr Johan Burger ( Download Johan Burger's presentation ), ISS Senior Researcher and retired major-general with 36 years of experience as a police officer . It was used as a tool of . These conflicts cause not only casualties and refugees but contribute vastly to the spread of disease, malnutrition and starvation, social and economic decline and moral deterioration. Political violence in Africa is rising and it is more complex than before. Independence struggles and the cold war. The recent 2016 post election crisis in Gabon12 that left scores dead seems to shows that electoral violence is an intractable phenomenon on the This leads to political fragmentation, which is further exacerbated by the convergence of various social, ethnic and resource exploitation-related issues. CAUSES OF GENDER BASED VIOLENCE IN KENYA The causes of gender-based violence are many and varied depending on the types of violence. Figure 1.1: A Decade of Electoral Violence in Africa, 2004 to 2013 Electoral violence has, in certain instances, catalyzed prolonged political conflict. Causes and Consequences of Electoral Violence Election violence is regarded as a sub-category of political violence that is primarily distinguished by its timing and motive. Published On 14 Jul 2021 Chaos in South Africa as rioters defy security forces The Indian Journal of Political Science Vol. The attempted extermination of the . Several scholarly works on conflicts in the sub-region have identified bad governance and corruption as the underpinning factors fuelling and renewing violence in West Africa. This topic was talked about extensively in class though the use of the book On Killing. A Critical Analysis of Presidential Term Limits in Africa: A Mixed-Methods Case Study of Causes of Political Violence in Burundi. 37-59 F u r th er m o r e , th e i n t e r n at io na l s . Abstract. Electoral violence is both the causative and symptomatic in Africa. There are new types of violence in Africa to which we have yet to find adequate ways of responding. African Conflicts and Violence . Throughout the colonial period, conflicts had been resolved with violence, not democracy and diplomacy (Falola 171, 181). Introduction Since the end of the Cold War, civil war has become the predominant form of violence globally (Wallensteen and Sollenberg, 2000; de Soysa, 2001; Collier and Hoeffler, 2002). Secondly, the paper analyses how political violence has historically played out in Kenya. The political dynamics and violence that shape the current series of crises in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) - and daily events in Bahrain, Egypt, Iran, Iraq, Lebanon, Libya, Tunisia, Syria, and Yemen - dominate the current course of virtually every aspect of these states including much of the current course of violence and instability in the region. In every democratic system of governance, election is the only legitimate determinant entrance to political office or leadership, and it is an important element for facilitating good governance practices and consolidation of democracy. Although the term war is sometimes used as a . Centre for the Study of Violence and Reconciliation 1 Drivers of Violence in South Africa Research shows that there is no single cause of violence in South Africa. This type of violence goes by many titles, such as collective violence or political violence. * Researcher, African Studies Group, Department of Political Science and International Relations, Autonomous University of Madrid.

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