economic impact of biotechnology

Published by on November 13, 2020

Estimating the possible losses that may arise from subsequent ploughing would be complex and difficult to undertake. For example, there are currently 13 weeds recognised in the US as exhibiting resistance to glyphosate, of which two are not associated with glyphosate tolerant crops. Consequently, the estimate of 133,639 million tonnes of carbon dioxide not released into the atmosphere should be treated with caution as it is not possible to confidently estimate the probable soil carbon sequestration gains since 1996. The organization provides research assistance to local, mainland and international organizations, creating professional employment here in the islands. Peer-reviewed surveys indicate positive impact of commercialized GM crops. Agricultural biotechnology has become a source of skilled jobs that pay higher than average wages. Substantial gains have also arisen in maize through a combination of higher yields and lower costs. 2003, Jasa P 2002, Reicosky D 1995, Robertson G et al. Over reliance on the use of glyphosate by some farmers, in some regions, has contributed to the development of weed resistance. In absolute terms, the largest environmental gain has been associated with the adoption of GM insect resistant (IR) cotton (a 23.9% reduction in the volume of active ingredient used and a 26% reduction in the EIQ indicator 1996-2010). The technology has also significantly reduced the greenhouse gas emissions from this cropping area, which, in 2010, was equivalent to removing 8.6 million cars from the roads. Significant increases in farm incomes have also resulted in the soybean and canola crops. GM IR cotton has also been responsible for an additional $20 billion additional income for cotton farmers in China and India. Table 4. It attempts to demonstrate that a prudent introduction and promotion of a new biotechnological innovation in farming can make a positive contribution to the socio-economic status of resource poor farmers in a developing country, such as Kenya. Currently, the environmental profile of GM HT crops (as measured by the EIQ indicator) continues to represent an improvement compared to the conventional alternative. Moreover, biotechnology offers a contradictory picture in that some forms, such as ethanol production from biomass, have appeared on the economic stage before, only to be displaced in subsequent decades 1 Biotechnology and health care Biotechnology clearly offers a vast range of new options for medicine - monoclonal antibodies, new bio- logicals, new vaccines, DNA probes, … Thus, biotech HT technology (especially in soybeans) has played an important role in enabling farmers to capitalise on the availability of a low cost, broad- spectrum herbicide (glyphosate) and in turn, facilitated the move away from conventional to low/no-tillage production systems in both North and South America. 2005 and West T. Post W. 2002, 9.These estimates are based on fairly conser- vative assumptions. In developing countries the total cost was equal to 17% of total technology gains compared with 37% in developed countries. The authors recognise that an economic assessment could exam- ine a broader range of potential impacts (e.g. While the overall level of weed resistance in areas planted to GM HT crops is still relatively low, growers of GM HT crops are increasingly being advised to be more proactive and include other herbicides in combination with glyphosate in their weed management programmes, even where weed resistance to glyphosate has not been found, in order to reduce the risk of resistance developing. Adoption of tc technology in banana production in Kenya is considered a good example of biotechnological applications in agriculture. American Soybean Association Conservation Tillage Study (2001) http://soygrowers.com/ctstudy/ctstudy_files/fra me.htm. The technology allows for the ‘over the top’ spraying of crops with the trait, of these specific broad-spectrum herbicides, that target both grass and broad-leaved weeds; Resistance to specific insect pests of maize and cotton. However, it is equally likely that the total cumulative soil sequestration gains have been lower because only a proportion of the crop area will have remained in NT/RT. Environmental impacts of insecticide and herbicide use Since 1996, the use of pesticides on the biotech crop area has been reduced by 443 million kg of active ingredient (9.1% reduction), and the environmental impact associated with herbicide and insecticide use on these crops, as measured by the EIQ indicator5, has reduced by17.9% (Table 1). Additional crop production arising from positive yield effects of biotech crops (Mt). References cited in footnotes in this paper, Table 1 Effect of changes in the use of herbicides and insecticides in global biotech crops, 1996-2010 (ai, active ingredient; EIQ, environ- mental impact quotient – see Kovach et al., 1992, Table 2 Effect of lower insecticide and herbicide use 1996-2010 in biotech crops for developing compared with developed countries. lower levels of mycotoxins in GM IR maize); Improved health and safety for farmers and farm workers (from reduced handling and use of pesticides); Triggered subsidiary benefits for bee keepers as fewer bees were now lost to insecticide spraying; Coexistence (biotech, conventional and organic crops). Table 5. (NASS, 2007). Biotech crops have also made important contributions to increasing global production of the four main crops; adding, for example, 97.5 million tonnes and 159 million tonnes to global production of soybeans and maize respectively. In 1983, the first scientific report on the development of genetically engineered (GE or food biotechnology, also inaccurately referred to as GMOs) plant cells was published (1).Since then, agricultural biotechnology farming has dramatically increased. PLoS One 9, e111629 (2014). Brookes, G. & Barfoot, P. The income and production effects of biotech crops globally 1996-2010. It attempts to demonstrate that a prudent introduction and promotion of a new biotechnological innovation in farming can make a positive contribution to the socio-economic status of resource poor farmers in a developing country, such as Kenya. Over three-quarters (76%) of the environmental gains in developing countries have been from the use of GM IR cotton. Nevertheless, the overall environmental gains arising from the use of biotech crops have been, and continue to be, substantial. It is not possible to estimate confidently cumulative soil sequestration gains that take into account reversions to conventional tillage because of a lack of data. Loudat: Hawaii’s Seed Crop Industry: Growth, Current and This enables many farmers in South America to plant a crop of soybeans immediately after a wheat crop in the same growing season. In 2010, the direct global farm income benefit from biotech crops was $14 billion. Crops derived through biotechnology represent a Therefore, if the adoption of crop biotechnology contributes to a reduction in the level of greenhouse gas emissions from agriculture, this represents a positive development for the world. The Hawaii Agricultural Research Center is a private, non-profit organization that operates laboratories and field stations for horticultural crop research. Positive yield impacts from the use of this technology have occurred in all user countries (except for GM IR cotton in Australia11) when compared to average yields derived from crops using conventional technology (such as application of insecticides and seed treatments).

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